PROCESO DEL DISEÑO ARQUITECTÓNICO

The architectural design process is more than just a sequence of steps; it's a strategic method for envisioning and creating spaces where people can live, work, or coexist. It's a job that blends creativity and planning, moving through various stages from researching needs and generating initial ideas to drawing blueprints and defining construction methods. Throughout this process, factors such as the construction site, regulations, materials, environmental care, and how people will experience the space are all considered. Every decision influences the appearance and functionality of the place, as well as the quality of life for its users.

What are the stages of architectural design?

There are 5 main phases of architectural design. While not strictly mandatory, these phases have been identified by the AIA (American Institute of Architects) as important and fundamental parts of architectural design for a sound process, ensuring coherence, organization, and above all, development and follow-up. These phases are:

Schematic Design: This is the beginning of the architectural design development, where the client expresses their ideas, and sketching and idea definition processes take place. This involves developing and clearly defining the form, size, and basic relationships of the construction. All of this is done to get an idea of what will be built, how it will be built, and how it will function.

Project Development: In this phase, all aspects and details of the project are thoroughly elaborated.

Architectural aspects: Relevant software is used to develop both interior and exterior spaces of the project, defining materials, finishes, and other constituent details.

Structural aspects: The structural scheme of what will be developed is identified. These are developed in a structural calculation program where various factors and elements are considered to ensure the structure is resistant and complies with technical standards.

Installations: Finally, all installations, including thermal, hydraulic, and electrical systems, are applied. These are a fundamental part of the process as they contribute to the correct development of the constructed structure.

Documentation Drafting: The drafting of technical documentation for the project's design is essential. These documents not only translate design ideas and concepts into precise and measurable information but also ensure correct execution on-site. They facilitate clear communication among architects, engineers, builders, and clients, preventing errors, delays, and cost overruns. Furthermore, they are crucial for complying with regulations, obtaining permits, and ensuring that each stage of the project develops efficiently and safely.

Bidding: The primary objective of this phase is to identify an execution company that will undertake the project's work. Costs are decided here, and bids are evaluated so the client can choose the most convenient option, benefiting both parties, before signing a contract.

Construction Administration and Management: Once the contractor is chosen, the final part of the architectural design process begins: construction administration and management. These are key elements for an architectural project to materialize efficiently, safely, and within the established budget. Good management allows for coordinating times, resources, personnel, and construction processes, ensuring that each stage develops as planned in the design.

What documents do I need to start an architectural project?

To begin an architectural project in an organized and effective manner, it is essential to gather a series of key documents that will guide the design process from its early stages.

First, a program of needs is required, which defines the spaces and functions the project must include.

It is also essential to conduct a site survey, collecting data such as land measurements, orientation, slopes, and existing elements.

Another important document is the study of local regulations, where construction laws, land use, and urban restrictions are reviewed.

Additionally, a preliminary budget is useful to set the economic limits of the project, as well as a context analysis, considering environmental, social, and cultural factors of the surroundings.

Finally, having visual or conceptual references and, if possible, some initial sketches, can facilitate the communication of ideas and shape the architectural concept from the beginning.

Having these documents from the outset allows for the development of a more coherent, functional, and adapted design to the real conditions of the project.

How does architectural design adapt to my needs and lifestyle?

Architectural design should intelligently respond to the needs and lifestyle of those who occupy a space. It's not just about creating something visually appealing, but about making every corner functional, comfortable, and consistent with daily life. Good architectural planning considers aspects such as the distribution of environments, natural light entry, cross-ventilation, efficient use of space, and the selection of durable and sustainable materials. When the design adapts to routines, dynamics, and usage preferences, well-being is enhanced, the living experience is optimized, and an authentic connection is created between people and their built environment.